Education Policy Management: A Comparative Study of Sudan and Vietnam

Abstrak

Education is a cornerstone of national development, shaping human capital, competitiveness, and socio economic stability. Developing countries such as Sudan and Vietnam exhibit divergent educational landscapes shaped by political, social, economic, and historical factors. Sudan faces significant challenges, including conflict, political instability, limited access, and constrained funding, whereas Vietnam has achieved notable progress through sustained educational reforms and strong political backing. This study aims to analyze and compare the education policies of Sudan and Vietnam to identify factors influencing policy effectiveness and educational outcomes. Using a qualitative comparative approach, the research incorporates document analysis, literature review, and secondary data examination. Findings reveal that Sudan’s education policy emphasizes national character, morality, religiosity, and patriotism, yet implementation is hindered by centralization, low funding, and political instability. Conversely, Vietnam frames education as a national development instrument, focusing on skills and workforce preparedness, underpinned by equitable access, teacher quality, university autonomy, and adequate fiscal support. The study highlights that educational success depends on clear objectives, implementation capacity, political stability, and funding. Vietnam demonstrates effective integration of education with socio-economic development, while Sudan requires strengthened regional capacity, enhanced stability, increased funding, and inclusive strategies to realize its national education goals.